In 2003, back Barack Obama was still an underdog applicant for the U.S. Senate, his attack administrator Jim Cauley ran a focus accumulation with flush women from Chicago’s North Shore. If Obama had any adventitious to win, he bare these advanced white voters. His agents showed pictures of the candidates and asked the accumulation for their impressions. What did they anticipate back they saw Obama? “Sidney Poitier,” answered one woman.
The moment addled Cauley. Obama was the attenuate Atramentous baby-kisser with 18-carat address beyond chase lines. “This,” he thought, “was real.”
Poitier, who died Jan. 6 at age 94, had a allegorical career and a abysmal impact. As the sole Atramentous amateur who consistently won arch roles in the 1950s and 1960s, he became an amount of ancestral integration. His characters consistently helped his white co-stars, and they rarely acclimated abandon or bidding sexuality. Poitier alloyed those roles with address and pride.
Winning over both white and Atramentous audiences in the civilian rights era was a political minefield, and Poitier tiptoed through it with grace. He lent a archetypal of independent allure for Atramentous Americans in the spotlight, including a approaching admiral of the United States.
When Poitier aboriginal able distinction in the 1950s, with baking roles in “Blackboard Jungle” and “The Defiant Ones,” he had a cutting-edge image. His sharp, blameless characters transcended the lazy, air-conditioned average of Stepin Fetchit, a banana Atramentous amateur who played ambiguity sidekicks in the 1930s. In 1964, he won best amateur at the Academy Awards for “Lilies of the Field,” arena a aloof handyman who builds a abbey for some nuns. He was acceptable and charming, bare of any ancestral baggage. How could white audiences abide him? The Oscar represented a advanced moment of interracial goodwill.
In 1967, Poitier starred in the blockbuster hits “To Sir, With Love” and “In the Heat of the Night,” which accustomed in the deathwatch of ancestral agitation in cities such as Newark and Detroit. Still arena characters of intelligence and decency, Poitier seemed to about assure audiences that interracial accord was possible, that Atramentous bodies were good, that the nation’s ancestral sins still could be forgiven.
As the amateur got added popular, the complaints grew louder, however. “Why Does White America Love Sidney Poitier So?” asked a New York Times headline. Increasingly, blur critics and Atramentous intellectuals protested that he didn’t accurate a 18-carat Atramentous humanity. His characters were so independent and able and angelic that he had become a one-man stereotype.
Then came “Guess Who’s Coming to Dinner.” Premiering in backward 1967, it revolved about a advanced white couple, played by Spencer Tracy and Katharine Hepburn, who ultimately endorse their daughter’s alliance to a Atramentous man. This blur abnormally abstract the attributes associated with Poitier. His character, John Prentice, was a world-renowned doctor who absolutely deferred to his bride’s parents. He alike abhorred sex with his fiancee until he has their blessing. Newsweek alleged him a “composite Schweitzer, [Jonas] Salk and [Jesus] Christ.”
“Guess” aggrandized every aspect of Poitier’s complicated stardom. It was addition No. 1 hit, cartoon acclamation from white audiences admitting the Supreme Court alone legalizing interracial alliance everywhere in the United States that aforementioned June. Yet, Poitier additionally captivated added admonishment for arena a advanced fantasy of a Atramentous man. Critics formed their eyes at his cartoonish ability and his address to the white parents. James Baldwin wrote that the blur offered annihilation to Atramentous people: “They acquainted that Sidney was, in effect, actuality acclimated adjoin them.”
Soon came the abrasive “blaxploitation” movies like “Shaft” and “Superfly.” The Atramentous heroes in these films antipodal the Poitier icon: They had ghetto style, lashed out in abandon and larboard a aisle of animal conquests. Though he kept acting and confused into directing, Poitier’s heyday was over.
Yet Poitier’s amount had constant resonance. His cine roles blunted Atramentous acrimony and sexuality, but they additionally congenital bridges beyond America’s ancestral chasms. Four decades later, Obama did the aforementioned affectionate of bridge-building with advanced white voters. With some ambit from the passions of the Atramentous Power era, he could barter on a added absolute affiliation of Poitier — a Atramentous man of ability and restraint, acceptable some affectionate of ancestral redemption.
Poitier additionally had a added absolute appulse on Obama’s activity from its actual beginnings. In 1959, the amateur helped armamentarium the African American Students Association, which provided the scholarship affairs that accustomed Obama’s ancestor to appear the University of Hawaii, area he met Obama’s white mother, Ann Dunham. Their interracial alliance fabricated a Poitier cine allotment of the ancestors narrative. “Have you anytime apparent Guess Who’s Coming to Dinner?’ “ Ann’s ancestor acclimated to ask. “Well, I lived it.”
The Poitier and Obama belief ran forth alongside tracks. Poitier was built-in in the Bahamas, and Obama had a Kenyan ancestor and white mother, yet both represented African Americans. Their audible backgrounds cloistral them from some adverse stereotypes about Atramentous Americans.
Obama captivated a adaptation of Atramentous appearance from Poitier. After his ancestor alternate to Kenya, his mother fed him a diet of picture-perfect Atramentous arete in books, annal and movies. In her telling, he recalled, “Every atramentous man was Thurgood Marshall or Sidney Poitier; every atramentous woman Fannie Lou Hamer or Lena Horne.” If Obama after accepted the limitations of this narrative, his political career traded on this adaptation of civilian rights history.
Obama’s political persona drew from Poitier’s precise, independent angel that disarmed ancestral anxieties. Like Poitier, Obama appeared air-conditioned and measured, a man of categorical qualifications, a safe agent for interracial unity. And pundits noticed the echoes.
In 2004, Don Terry appear in the Chicago Tribune that white supporters kept adage that Obama transcended race, which adumbrated abrogating assumptions about “regular” Atramentous people. Terry recalled watching “Guess Who’s Coming to Dinner.” John Prentice — “a super-qualified, super-handsome, super-dashing doctor active in Hawaii” — had to be absurdly aberrant aloof to allure a white woman and win her parents’ favor. “As I watched,” wrote Terry, “I able that Barack Obama and John Prentice accept a lot in common.”
During the 2008 campaign, as Obama’s acceptance surged, advanced commentators fabricated the aforementioned connections, abacus doses of optimism. The Guardian acclaimed the ambit from the politically answerable 1960s: “The Poitier archetypal — composure, smarts, quiet ascendancy — aback makes a lot of sense.” In the New York Times, Manohla Dargis and A.O. Scott argued that pop ability encouraged Obama’s acclamation by accouterment “fantasies of atramentous heroism”: aboveboard leaders, ancestor abstracts and affectionate saviors in the cast of Sidney Poitier.
Conservatives additionally interpreted Obama through the prism of Poitier, but with added skepticism. One bourgeois blog griped about Obama’s address in a altercation blue-blooded “The Return of Sidney Poitier.” In his book “A Apprenticed Man,” bourgeois bookish Shelby Steele placed Poitier and Obama aural the attitude of the “bargainer,” the Atramentous amount who treats whites with adroitness and understanding, yet fails to accent Atramentous victimhood, and appropriately struggles to wholly represent African Americans.
Obama, of course, had to be added than a polished, accomplished, affectionate ancestral alien to ability the Oval Office. But his political appearance owed a debt to Poitier. In 2009, he bestowed the amateur with the Presidential Badge of Freedom. “In advanced of Atramentous and White audiences disturbing to appropriate the nation’s moral compass, Sidney Poitier brought us the accepted tragedy of racism, the alarming achievability of reconciliation, and the simple joys of accustomed life,” intoned Obama. “Ultimately, the man would mirror the character, and both would beforehand the nation’s chat on chase and respect.”
Poitier stared ahead, continuing erect, stoic. Back Obama slipped the badge about his neck, however, he hinted at a smile, and he aggregate a attending with the president. Then they hugged, agitation back-and-forth, captivation on for a half-minute, apprenticed by their intertwined roles in American history.
Aram Goudsouzian is the Bizot ancestors assistant of history at the University of Memphis. His books accommodate “King of the Court: Bill Russell and the Basketball Revolution.”
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